Python练习-多进程
本部门学习Python多进程编程,若在linux环境下,可以使用fork函数,windows环境下没有该函数,可通过Process模块实现。
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# windows没有fork调用,因此无法使用os.fork函数
# 使用multiprocessing模块
def sub_process_runner(name):
print("I am a child process name: [%s]. PID:[%s]" % (name, os.getpid()))
if __name__ == "__main__":
print('Parent process %s.' % os.getpid())
sub_p = Process(target=sub_process_runner, args=("sub_proc_name",))
print("Child proc start")
sub_p.start()
# 等待子线程结束再继续执行
sub_p.join()
print("Child proc finish")
其中,Process()函数,通过targe指定一个在进程中要运行的函数,通过args给函数传参。join函数用于等待创建的进程执行完成。输出如下:
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Parent process 42896.
Child proc start
I am a child process name: [sub_proc_name]. PID:[6172]
Child proc finish
上述为创建一个进程,若想批量创建进程,可以使用进程池模块。Pool
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# 进程池
def long_time_task(name):
print('Run task %s (%s)...' % (name, os.getpid()))
start = time.time()
time.sleep(random() * 2)
end = time.time()
print('Task %s runs %0.2f seconds.' % (name, (end - start)))
if __name__ == '__main__':
print('Pool parent process %s.' % os.getpid())
p = Pool(4)
for i in range(5):
p.apply_async(long_time_task, args=(i,))
print('Waiting for all subprocesses done...')
p.close()
p.join()
print('All subprocesses done.')
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Pool parent process 42896.
Waiting for all subprocesses done...
Run task 0 (51456)...
Run task 1 (42808)...
Run task 2 (10044)...
Run task 3 (29200)...
Task 1 runs 0.24 seconds.
Run task 4 (42808)...
Task 2 runs 1.13 seconds.
Task 0 runs 1.43 seconds.
Task 3 runs 2.00 seconds.
Task 4 runs 1.81 seconds.
All subprocesses done.
4个进程的池,执行5个任务,所以最后一个任务需要等待有任务执行完成,才能在池中去到进程去执行函数。
进程间若要进行数据交互,可以用Queue等数据结构
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# 进程间通信
# 写数据进程执行的代码:
def write(q):
print('Process to write: %s' % os.getpid())
for value in ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Cat', 'Dog']:
print('Put [%s] to queue...' % value)
q.put(value)
time.sleep(random())
# 读数据进程执行的代码:
def read(q):
print('Process to read: %s' % os.getpid())
while True:
value = q.get(True)
print('Get [%s] from queue.' % value)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 父进程创建Queue,并传给各个子进程:
q = Queue()
pw = Process(target=write, args=(q,))
pr = Process(target=read, args=(q,))
# 启动子进程pw,写入:
pw.start()
# 启动子进程pr,读取:
pr.start()
# 等待pw结束:
pw.join()
# pr进程里是死循环,无法等待其结束,只能强行终止:
pr.terminate()
上述代码,一个进程向queue写数据,一个进程读取数据。读完后销毁。输出如下:
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Process to write: 54176
Put [Apple] to queue...
Process to read: 38456
Get [Apple] from queue.
Put [Banana] to queue...
Get [Banana] from queue.
Put [Cat] to queue...
Get [Cat] from queue.
Put [Dog] to queue...
Get [Dog] from queue.
此外,通过subprocess模块,可以实现系统函数调用,如:
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if __name__ == '__main__':
print('$ nslookup www.baidu.com')
r = subprocess.call(['nslookup', 'www.baidu.com', ], text=True, encoding="utf-8")
print('Exit code:', r)
if __name__ == '__main__':
print('$ nslookup')
p = subprocess.Popen(['nslookup'], stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
output, err = p.communicate(b'set q=mx\npython.org\nexit\n')
print(output.decode('gbk'))
print('Exit code:', p.returncode)
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